Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a vital coenzyme present in all living cells, playing a crucial role in the metabolic processes that convert food into energy. It is produced in the body through two main pathways: the de novo synthesis pathway, starting from amino acids such as tryptophan, and the salvage pathway, which recycles components like nicotinamide (NAM), nicotinic acid (NA), and nicotinamide riboside (NR) back into NAD. The salvage pathway is particularly important for maintaining NAD levels within cells.

NAD is essential for mitochondrial health because it functions as a key electron transporter in the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation process, which generates ATP, the primary energy currency of the cell. This process is critical for powering cellular activities and supporting the cell's metabolic demands.

Moreover, NAD levels influence the activity of sirtuins and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), which are involved in DNA repair, genomic stability, and the regulation of transcription. Sirtuins, in particular, have been linked to longevity and the regulation of age-related diseases. They promote mitochondrial biogenesis, enhance oxidative metabolism, and improve resistance to stress, contributing to improved cellular function and longevity.

Maintaining optimal NAD levels is associated with numerous health benefits, including enhanced mitochondrial function, increased energy levels, and potentially delaying the aging process. It supports not just internal health but also contributes to maintaining a youthful appearance by promoting cellular repair and vitality. Strategies to boost NAD levels, such as exercise, fasting, and supplements like NR and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), are being explored for their potential to improve health span and mitigate age-related decline.

We recommend doing whatever you can to increase your NAD levels.